Note 14 — Stockholders’ Equity and Common Stock Purchase Warrants

Common Stock

As of December 31, 2019, the Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 million shares of common stock, par value of $0.001 per share. There were 40,478,861 and 27,142,979 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2019

Year Ended December 31, 2018

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

The following table summarizes outstanding warrants to purchase common stock of the Company at the dates indicated:

Series Z Warrants

There were 16,815,039 Series Z Warrants issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, including: the initial issue of 2,739,190 Series Z Warrants on the March 15, 2018 Exchange Date of the Series A and Series A-1 Exchange Offer; the issue of 5,075,849 Series Z Warrants on the April 5, 2018 Exchange Date of the Series W Warrants Exchange Offer; and the issue of 9,000,000 Series Z Warrants on the June 12, 2018 close date of the Equity Subscription Rights Offering.

Upon issue, a Series Z Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $1.60 per share, effective June 1, 2018. The Series Z Warrant exercise price was initially $3.00 per share through May 31, 2018. On May 15, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved a reduction to the Series Z Warrant exercise price to $1.60 per share, effective June 1, 2018, upon completion of the period-of-notice to the holders of Series Z Warrants then issued and outstanding. See herein below for further information with respect to the modification expense recognized in connection with the Series Z Warrant exercise price adjustment. The Series Z Warrant $1.60 exercise price is not subject-to further adjustment, unless by action of the PAVmed Inc board of directors, or the effect of stock dividends, stock splits or similar events affecting the common stock of the Company. Under no circumstances will the Company be required to net cash settle the Series Z Warrants, nor to pay any liquidated damages in lieu of delivery of shares of common stock of the Company resulting from a failure to satisfy any obligations under the Series Z Warrant, and, the Series Z Warrants expire after the close of business on April 30, 2024, if not earlier redeemed by the Company, as discussed below.

Commencing on May 1, 2019, the Company may redeem the outstanding Series Z Warrants, at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a price of $0.01 per Series Z Warrant at any time while the Series Z Warrants are exercisable, upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if, and only if, the volume weighted average closing price of the common stock of the Company equals or exceeds $9.00 (subject to adjustment) for any 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days ending three business days before the Company issues its notice of redemption, and provided the average daily trading volume in the common stock of the Company during such 30-day period is at least 20,000 shares per day; and if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying such Series Z Warrants.

As noted above, on April 5, 2018, a total of 5,075,849 Series Z Warrants were issued-upon-exchange of 10,151,682 Series W Warrants, referred to as the “Series W Warrants Exchange Offer” and the “April 5, 2018 Exchange Date”. In this regard, pursuant to an offer-to-exchange letter dated February 20, 2018, as included in a Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO filed with the SEC on February 20, 2018, the Company offered to issue one Series Z Warrant in exchange for two Series W Warrants. Such Series W Warrants Exchange Offer commenced on February 20, 2018 and had April 2, 2018 expiration date. The Series W Warrants Offer-to-Exchange was completed after expiration of the guaranteed delivery period on April 5, 2018.

The Series Z Warrant exercise price adjustment to $1.60 per share from $3.00 per share, as discussed above, resulted in the recognition of a modification expense on the June 1, 2018 effective date of the Series Z Warrant exercise price adjustment, under the analogous guidance with respect to stock option modification under FASB ASC Topic 718, Stock-Based Compensation (ASC 718), wherein an exchange of warrants is deemed to be a modification of the initial warrant agreement by the replacement with a revised warrant agreement, requiring the incremental fair value, measured as the difference between the fair value immediately after the modification as compared to the fair value immediately before the modification, to the extent an increase, recognized as a modification expense. In this regard, the Series Z Warrant June 1, 2018 exercise price adjustment resulted in the recognition of a current period modification expense of $1,140,995 included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. The modification expense incremental fair value was estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model, using the following assumptions:

Series Z Warrants - continued

Additionally, the Series Z Warrants issued in both the Series A and Series A-1 Exchange Offer on March 15, 2018 and the Series W Warrants Exchange Offer on April 5, 2018, as each exchange offer is discussed above, were issued under the (original) “Series Z Warrant Agreement”. The Company’s board of directors approved Amendment No. 1 to the original Series Z Warrant Agreement, resulting in the “Amended and Restated Series Z Warrant Agreement”, dated June 8, 2018, referred to as the Amended Series Z Warrant Agreement. The principal provisions of the Series Z Warrant Agreement Amendment No. 1, include among other items: to provide for a “late delivery fee” for shares issued outside of the “standard delivery period”, including delivery of shares upon Series Z Warrant exercise for open market or other purchase transactions - i.e. “buy-in fee”, with each such payment, if any, in addition to and not in lieu of delivery of shares, and, to provide for a standard provision (“plain vanilla”) in the event the Company engages in a “Fundamental Transaction”, as defined, wherein the Series Z Warrant may participate pari passu with common stockholders in the consideration paid by an acquiror for the Company’s shares, with such payment, if any, made by the acquiring entity and not paid by the Company as issuer. The Series Z Warrant Agreement Amendment No. 1, was evaluated under the analogous guidance with respect to stock option modification under FASB ASC 718, as discussed above, but did not result in the recognition of a modification expense as there was no incremental increase in the estimated fair value as described above.

Series W Warrants

There were 381,818 Series W Warrants issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Series W Warrants have an exercise price of $5.00 per share, with such exercise price not subject to further adjustment, except in the event of stock dividends, stock splits or similar events affecting the common stock of the Company, and became exercisable on October 28, 2016 and expire on January 29, 2022, or earlier upon redemption by the Company, as discussed below. Under no circumstances will the Company be required to net cash settle the Series W Warrants, nor to pay any liquidated damages resulting from a failure to satisfy any obligations under the Series W Warrant.

The Series W Warrant Exchange Offer resulted in the recognition of a modification expense on the April 5, 2018 Exchange Date, under the analogous guidance with respect to stock option modification under FASB ASC 718, as described above with respect to the “Series Z Warrant June 1, 2018 exercise price adjustment”. In this regard, the Series W Warrants exchanged-upon-issue of the Series Z Warrants resulted in the recognition of a current period modification expense of $766,456 included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital, resulting from the incremental estimated fair value of the consideration given of $3,304,377 of the 5,075,849 Series Z Warrants issued-upon-exchange as compared of the $2,537,921 estimated fair value of the 10,151,682 Series W Warrants extinguished-upon-exchange. The April 5, 2018 Exchange Date estimated fair values of each of the Series Z Warrants and Series W Warrants noted above, were each computed using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using the following assumptions:

On January 11, 2018, the Company filed with the SEC a Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO offering Series W Warrants holders a temporary exercise price of $2.00 per share, with such offer having an expiry of February 8, 2018, referred to as the “Series W Warrants Offer-to-Exercise”. As of the February 8, 2018 expiry date, a total of 34,345 Series W Warrants were exercised at the temporary exercise of $2.00 per share, resulting in $68,690 of cash proceeds, before offering costs of $50,520.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Series W Warrants (other than those outstanding prior to the IPO held by the Company’s management, founders, and members thereof, but including the warrants held by the initial investors), at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant: at any time while the warrants are exercisable; upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; if, and only if, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $10.00 (subject-to adjustment) for any 20 consecutive trading days ending three business days before the Company issues its notice of redemption, and provided the average daily trading volume in the stock is at least 20,000 shares per day; and, if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of common stock of the Company underlying such warrants. The right to exercise will be forfeited unless the Series W Warrants are exercised prior to the date specified in the notice of redemption. On and after the redemption date, a record holder of an Series W Warrant will have no further rights except to receive the redemption price for such holder’s Series W Warrant upon its surrender.

Series S Warrants

There were 1,199,383 Series S Warrants issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Previously, under the Note and Security Purchase Agreement with Scopia, the Company issued a total of 2,660,000 Series S Warrants to Scopia and its designees, which were immediately exercisable upon issuance and each may be exercised for one share of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, with such exercise price not subject to further adjustment, except for the effect of stock dividends, stock splits or similar events affecting the common stock of the Company. The Series S Warrants may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis. The Senior Secured Note and the Series S Warrants are freestanding financial instruments, as the Series S Warrants were immediately legally detachable from the Senior Secured Note and were immediately exercisable. Under no circumstances will the Company be required to net cash settle the Series S Warrants, nor to pay any liquidated damages resulting from a failure to satisfy any obligations under the Series S Warrant. The Series-S Warrants are classified as equity in the consolidated balance sheet.

Subsequent to December 31, 2019, in January 2020, the remaining 1,199,383 Series S Warrants were exercised for $11,994 of cash proceeds and the issue of a corresponding number of shares of common stock of the Company. Previously, in March 2018, a total of 274,257 Series S Warrants exercised for $2,743 of cash proceeds, resulting in the issue of a corresponding number of a shares of common stock of the Company.

Unit Purchase Options

Previously, on the April 28, 2016 closing date of the Company’s IPO, a total of 53,000 unit purchase options were issued to the IPO selling agents, with each such unit purchase option issued on April 28, 2016 referred to as an “UPO-W”. The UPO-W, with an exercise price of $5.50 per unit, could have been exercised to purchase the same unit issued in the Company’s IPO, with such unit comprised of one share of common stock of the Company and one Series W Warrant to purchase one share of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $5.00 per share, along with the other provisions of the Series W Warrant as discussed above. The UPO-W had a January 29, 2021 expiration date. The issue of the UPO-W to the IPO selling agents was recognized as an offering cost of the Company’s IPO, with an estimated fair value of $105,100, determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value of the underlying unit of $5.00, expected volatility of 50%, risk free rate of 1.28%, remaining contractual term of 4.6 years, and a dividend yield of 0%.

On August 22, 2018, the “UPO Exchange Offer” was completed, wherein, 53,000 “UPO-Z” were issued-upon-exchange of all the previously issued and outstanding 53,000 UPO-W. The UPO-Z, with an exercise price of $5.50 per unit, may be exercised to purchase a unit comprised of one share of common stock of the Company and one Series Z Warrant to purchase one share of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $1.60 per share, along with the other provisions of the Series Z Warrant as discussed above. The UPO-Z has a January 29, 2021 expiration date.

The UPO Exchange Offer resulted in the recognition of a modification expense under the analogous guidance with respect to stock option modification under FASB ASC 718, as described above with respect to the “June 1, 2018 Series Z Warrant exercise price adjustment”. In this regard, the UPO-Z issued-upon-exchange of the UPO-W resulted in the recognition of a modification expense of $2,120 included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet, resulting from the incremental estimated fair value of the consideration given of $3,180 of the 53,000 UPO-Z issued-upon-exchange as compared to the estimated fair value of $1,060 of the 53,000 UPO-W extinguished-upon-exchange. The August 22, 2018 estimated fair values of each of the UPO-Z and UPO-W were each computed using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using the following assumptions:

Noncontrolling Interest

The noncontrolling interest (“NCI”) included as a component of consolidated total stockholders’ equity for the periods indicated is as follows:

The consolidated noncontrolling interest presented above is with respect to the Company’s majority-owned subsidiaries Lucid Diagnostics Inc. (inception date of May 8, 2018) and Solys Diagnostics Inc. (inception date of October 7, 2019).

As of December 31, 2019, there were 10.0 million shares of common stock of Lucid Diagnostics Inc. issued and outstanding, of which PAVmed Inc. holds a 81.875% majority-interest ownership and has a controlling financial interest, with the remaining 18.125% minority-interest ownership held by CWRU and each of the three physician inventors of the “EsoGuard Technology”. Accordingly, Lucid Diagnostics Inc. is a consolidated majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, for which a provision of a noncontrolling interest (NCI) is included as a separate component of consolidated stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, along with the recognition of a net loss attributable to the NCI in the consolidated statement of operations in the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2019, there were 9,189,190 shares of common stock of Solys Diagnostics Inc. issued and outstanding, of which PAVmed Inc. holds a 90.3235% majority-interest ownership and has a controlling financial interest, with the remaining 9.6765% minority-interest ownership held by unrelated third parties. Accordingly, Solys Diagnostics Inc. is a consolidated majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, for which a provision of a noncontrolling interest (NCI) is included as a separate component of consolidated stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, along with the recognition of a net loss attributable to the NCI in the consolidated statement of operations in the year ended December 31, 2019.

See Note 10, Stock-Based Compensation, for further information with respect to the PAVmed Inc. 2014 Equity Plan, the Lucid Diagnostics Inc. 2018 Equity Plan, and the corresponding consolidated stock-based compensation expense recognized by the Company.